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Original Article
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor is a clinically useful predictor for aggressive basal cell carcinoma - Jong Soon Choi1, Dong Chan Lee2, Hee Kyung Chang3
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Kosin Medical Journal 2018;33(1):75-84.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.2018.33.1.75
Published online: January 21, 2018
1Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, Korea
2Department of Plastic Surgery Medicine, Ritz Plastic Surgery Clinic, Geoje, Korea
3Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, Korea
- Corresponding Author: Hee Kyung Chang, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kosin University, 262, Gamchen-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49267, Korea Tel: +82-51-990-6476 Fax: +82-51-990-3045 E-mail: fmcjs@naver.com
• Received: November 29, 2017 • Accepted: January 22, 2018
Copyright © 2018 Kosin University School of Medicine Proceedings
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Abstract
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Objectives
- Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) tumors are locally invasive but rarely metastatic. However, aggressive metastatic variants are being increasingly reported in elderly people. Here we investigated the clinical utility of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as a predictive biomarker for aggressive BCC variants.
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Methods
- Thirty-five pathologically confirmed cases of BCC that underwent surgical removal in the Plastic Surgery Department between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2012 were studied. VEGF expression was analyzed in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue by immunohistochemical staining. Positive staining was defined as more than 10% of the tumor cells showing immunoreactivity. The associations of VEGF expression with various clinicopathologic parameters were analyzed.
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Results
- The face was the most prevalent site (28/35), with 15 cases from the nose, 6 cases from the eyelid, and 5 cases from the cheek. The patients were aged between 41 and 86 years, with a mean age of 69.26 ± 173.903 years. The mean BCC size was 1.34 ± 3.853 cm, with a range of 0.3 cm to 12.0 cm. The mean tumor invasion depth from the basement epidermal membrane was 0.17 ± 0.035 cm, with a range of 0.03 cm to 1.10 cm. A mean of 5.66 ± 20.938 intraoperative frozen section slides were examined. VEGF was not expressed in 14 of the 35 patients (40.0%), whereas 42.9% of the patients had low expression and 17.1% of the patients had high expression. VEGF expression was significantly associated with age (P = 0.022), size (P = 0.030), site (P = 0.013), tumor invasion depth (P = 0.019), and number of intraoperatively frozen sections (P = 0.003).
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Conclusions
- These results suggest that VEGF expression as assessed by immunohistochemistry can predict aggressive or poor prognosis in BCC.
Fig. 2.The expression of VEGF by immunostaining in the basal cell carcinoma (x100) (A) Negative expression of VEGF in the basal cell carcinoma (B) Low-expression of VEGF in the basal cell carcinoma (C) High-expression of VEGF in the basal cell carcinoma
Table 1.The association of VEGF expression with clinicopathologic variables in the basal cell carinoma
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