Fig. 1.

Effects of quercetin on cell growth and cell death in PC-9 cells. A. The growth inhibition was measured by MTT assay. B. The cell death distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry. C. After incubation with indicated concentrations of quercetin for 24 h, cells were collected and DNA was isolated. Con: control, Q: quercetin, PI: propidium iodide.

Fig. 2.

Effects of quercetin on caspase activation. A. PC-9 cells were treated for 24 h with the indicated concentrations of quercetin. B. PC-9 cells were treated 100 uM quercentin with the indicated various time. C. PC-9 cells were treated with 100 uM quercetin in the presence or absence of pan-caspase inhibitor (z-VAD-fmk) for 24 hr.

Fig. 3.

Effects of quercetin on the activation of MAPK in PC-9 cells. PC-9 cells were treated with 100 uM quercetin for the indicated concetrations (A) and times (B). The cell extracts were prepared for Western blot analysis of p-p38, p-JNK, p-ERK. Actin was used as an internal control

Fig. 4.

Effects of quercetin on mitochondrial dependent signaling pathway. A. PC-9 cells were treated with indicated concentrations quercetin for 24 h, while mitochondrial and cytoplasmic extracts were prepared as described in “Materials and methods” section. B. Cells were incubated with 50 uM and 100 uM quercetin for 24 h, in the absence or presence of various concentrations rotenone (RTN). C. Cell were treated with 100 uM quercetin for 24 h, in the absence or presence of caspase-9 inhibitor (z-LEHD-fmk, 25 uM). Q: quercetin.

References

• 1. Socinski MA. Addressing the optimal duration of therapy in advanced, metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. In: Perry MC, eds. American Society of Clinical Oncology Education Book. Alexanderia: Lisa Greaves; 2003. p. 144–52.
• 2. Nocholosn RI, Gee JM, Harper ME. EGFR and cancer prognosis. Eur J Cancer 2001;37:S9–15.PubMed
• 3. Wä tjen W, Michels G, Steffan B, Niering P, Chovolou Y, Kampkö tter A, et al. Low concentrations of flavonoids are protective in rat H4IIE cells whereas high concentrations cause DNA damage and apoptosis. J Nutr 2005;135:525–31.ArticlePubMed
• 4. Vargas AJ, Burd R. Hormesis and synergy: pathways and mechanisms of quercetin in cancer prevention and management. Nutr Rev 2010;68:418–28.ArticlePubMed
• 5. Chirumbolo S. The role of quercetin, flavonols and flavones in modulating inflammatory cell function. Inflamm. Allergy Drug Targets 2010;9:263–85.PubMed
• 6. Ishizawa K, Yoshizumi M, Kawai Y, Terao J, Kihira Y, Ikeda Y, et al. Pharmacology in health food: metabolism of quercetin in vivo and its protective effect against arteriosclerosis. J Pharmacol Sci 2011;115:466–70.ArticlePubMed
• 7. Perez-Vizcaino F, Duarte J, Jimenez R, Santos-Buelga C, Osuna A. Antihypertensive effects of the flavonoid quercetin. Pharmacol Rep 2009;61:67–75.ArticlePubMed
• 8. Ossola B, Kää riä inen TM, Mä nnistö PT. The multiple faces of quercetin in neuroprotection. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2009;8:397–409.ArticlePubMed
• 9. Kelsey NA, Wilkins HM, Linseman DA. Nutraceutical antioxidants as novel neuroprotective agents. Molecules 2010;15:7792–814.ArticlePubMedPMC
• 10. Murakami A, Ashida H, Terao J. Multitargeted cancer prevention by quercetin. Cancer Lett 2008;269:315–25.ArticlePubMed
• 11. Seufi AM, Ibrahim SS, Elmaghraby TK, Hafez EE. Preventive effect of the flavonoid, quercetin, on hepatic cancer in rats via oxidant/antioxidant activity: molecular and histological evidences. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2009;28:80–7.ArticlePubMedPMC
• 12. Priyadarsini RV, Vinothini G, Murugan RS, Manikandan P, Nagini S. The flavonoid quercetin modulates the hallmark capabilities of hamster buccal pouch tumors. Nutr Cancer 2011;63:218–26.ArticlePubMed
• 13. Camargo CA, da Silva ME, da Silva RA, Justo GZ, Gomes-Marcondes MC, Aoyama H. Inhibition of tumor growth by quercetin with increase of survival and prevention of cachexia in Walker 256 tu-mor-bearing rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011;406:638–42.ArticlePubMed
• 14. Mendoza EE, Burd R. Quercetin as a systemic che-mopreventative agent: structural and functional mechanisms. Mini Rev Med Chem 2011;11:1216–21.ArticlePubMed
• 15. Djuric Z, Severson RK, Kato I. Association of dietary quercetin with reduced risk of proximal colon cancer. Nutr Cancer 2012;64:351–60.ArticlePubMedPMC
• 16. Cincin ZB, Unlu M, Kiran B, Bireller ES, Baran Y, Cakmakoglu B. Molecular mechanisms of quer-citrin-induced apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer. Arch Med Res 2014;45:445–54.ArticlePubMed
• 17. Kim YH, Lee DH, Jeong JH, Guo ZS, Lee YJ. Quercetin augments TRAIL-induced apoptotic death: involvement of the ERK signal transduction pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2008;75:1946–58.ArticlePubMedPMC
• 18. Kim YH, Lee YJ. TRAIL apoptosis is enhanced by quercetin through Akt dephosphorylation. J Cell Biochem 2007;100:998–1009.ArticlePubMed
• 19. Elimore S. Apoptosis: a review of programmed cell death. Toxicol Pathol 2007;35:495–516.ArticlePubMedPMC
• 20. Wang J, Yu J. Cancer cell killing via ROS: to increase or decrease, that is the question. Cancer Biol Ther 2008;7:1875–84.ArticlePubMed
• 21. Galluzzo P, Martini C, Bulzomi P, Leone S, Bolli A, Pallottini V, et al. Quercetin-induced apoptotic cascade in cancer cells: antioxidant versus estrogen receptor alpha-dependent mechanisms. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009;53:699–708.

Figure & Data

References

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

• Uncovering the Anti-Lung-Cancer Mechanisms of the Herbal Drug FDY2004 by Network Pharmacology
  Ho-Sung Lee, In-Hee Lee, Kyungrae Kang, Sang-In Park, Tae-Wook Kwon, Dae-Yeon Lee, Gabriel A. Agbor
  Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2021; 2021: 1.     CrossRef