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18 "Diagnosis"
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Funded articles
Review article
Telecytology in head and neck cytopathology: current applications and practical considerations
Yeongjoon Kim
Kosin Med J. 2026;41(2):126-136.   Published online June 23, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.26.177
  • 1,030 View
  • 5 Download
Abstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Telecytology is a clinically applicable component of telepathology that enables remote cytologic assessment through digital image transmission. In head and neck practice, its primary value lies in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) workflows for thyroid nodules, cervical lymph nodes, metastatic neck masses, and salivary gland lesions, in which rapid assessment of specimen adequacy and triage for ancillary studies can affect diagnostic yield and specimen use. This review summarizes the major telecytology platforms, including static-image transmission, dynamic real-time systems, robotic microscopy, and whole-slide imaging, and discusses their use in common head and neck cytopathology settings. The evidence base is strongest for thyroid FNA, which is supported by telecytology-specific studies and the broader literature on rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE). For cervical lymph nodes, metastatic neck masses, and salivary gland lesions, telecytology primarily serves as a procedural support tool for adequacy assessment, repeat-pass decision-making, and specimen triage, rather than as a universal substitute for conventional cytopathology review. Its limitations include operator dependence, field-selection bias, image quality, the need to assess cytology specimens across multiple focal planes, workflow integration, validation, and quality assurance. Implementation is also influenced by reimbursement, medicolegal responsibility, data security, and institutional resources. Current evidence supports the selective use of telecytology, with priority given to thyroid FNA and other ROSE-linked procedures in which adequacy assessment, repeat-pass decisions, or ancillary-test triage can affect specimen management, particularly when continuous on-site cytopathology coverage is limited. Wider adoption will require standardized workflows, site-specific validation, sustainable implementation models, and careful integration of whole-slide imaging and computational tools into clinically defined use cases.
Original article
Was there any change in surgical treatment for colorectal cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic?
Yeajin Moon, Seung Hun Lee, Seung Hyun Lee
Kosin Med J. 2025;40(3):207-212.   Published online September 23, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.25.116
  • 3,942 View
  • 19 Download
Abstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
The aim of this study was to review changes in surgical treatment for colorectal cancer during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic at a tertiary hospital in Korea.
Methods
In total, 757 patients who underwent colorectal cancer surgery at Kosin University Gospel Hospital between January 2019 and December 2021 were analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups based on the dates of the COVID-19 pandemic: the pre-pandemic group (321 cases, January 2019 to February 2020) and the pandemic group (436 cases, March 2020 to December 2021). Medical records were reviewed retrospectively to compare surgical treatment patterns.
Results
No significant differences were found in the diagnostic process (asymptomatic vs. symptomatic), preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen level (<10 ng/dL vs. ≥10 ng/dL), or cases of obstruction or perforation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Combined organ resection was more frequent in the pandemic group (6.2% vs. 13.5%; p=0.06), while stages 0 and 1 cancer were significantly less frequent in the pandemic group (25.8% vs. 18.3%; p=0.008).
Conclusions
During the COVID-19 pandemic, operations for early-stage colorectal cancer (stages 0 and 1) decreased, while combined organ resections increased. These changes in surgical treatment for colorectal cancers are likely to impact oncologic outcomes. Further long-term follow-up studies are necessary to assess the effects of the pandemic on colorectal cancer outcomes.
Review articles
Endoscopic diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection
Eun Jeong Gong, Kyoungwon Jung
Kosin Med J. 2025;40(1):4-14.   Published online November 13, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.24.130
  • 39,251 View
  • 451 Download
  • 1 Citations
Abstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Accurate prediction of Helicobacter pylori infection status based on endoscopic findings is essential for optimizing management. This review emphasizes the importance of accurate endoscopic diagnosis of H. pylori infection. The endoscopic findings categorized in the Kyoto classification provide valuable indicators of infection status. Specifically, findings such as atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, nodular gastritis, enlarged folds, sticky mucus, xanthoma, and map-like redness are associated with H. pylori infection. Regular arrangement of collecting venules and linear red streaks are reliable indicators of non-infection. Selective testing based on endoscopic findings can optimize diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection and, minimizing unnecessary procedures. However, some findings overlap and do not clearly distinguish between current and past infections, indicating a need for further research.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Molecular characterization of H. pylori: genetic diversity and vacA s1m1/cagA+ prevalence in Western Algeria
    Asma Boudouaia Ouali, Salmi Takwa, Dali-Sahi Majda, Etchiali Amal, BaB Hamed Nabila, Bekkhoucha Bouchra, Chiali Nihel Sarah, Benmansour Benguela Meriem, Berrahoui Samira, Dib Joanna, Harek Yahia, Medjati-Dennouni Nouria
    Molecular Genetics and Genomics.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
Mucinous carcinoma of the breast: distinctive histopathologic and genetic characteristics
Minjung Jung
Kosin Med J. 2022;37(3):176-186.   Published online August 25, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.022
  • 24,798 View
  • 241 Download
  • 2 Citations
Abstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Mucinous carcinoma is a rare histologic type of breast cancer that, when classified with favorable histology, can be treated with different therapeutic options. This study reviews the histologic findings of mucinous carcinoma that support or exclude favorable histology and emphasizes the necessity of an appropriate gross examination with radiologic findings for an accurate diagnosis. In addition, unusual findings such as micropapillary arrangements and lobular differentiation in mucinous carcinoma and their implications for prognosis and treatment are reviewed. Mucinous carcinoma involves upregulation of MUC2, a mucus-associated gene common in mucinous carcinoma of the breast as well as various other organs. In mucinous carcinoma, the fraction of genome altered and tumor mutation burden are lower than those of invasive carcinoma of no special type, the most common histology of breast cancer. In addition, the genetic alterations found in mucinous carcinoma are diverse, unlike the pathognomonic genetic alterations observed in other histologic types of breast cancer. These genetic features support the importance of conventional microscopic evaluations for the pathologic differential diagnosis of mucinous carcinoma of the breast in routine practice. A variety of breast lesions, including mucinous cystadenocarcinoma and mucocele-like lesions, as well as mucinous carcinoma from other organs, can mimic mucinous carcinoma of the breast. In order to obtain an accurate pathologic diagnosis, careful evaluation of the overall histopathologic characteristics and ancillary testing are required to provide information on appropriate treatment and prognosis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Pure Mucinous Breast Carcinoma: Integrating Molecular and Immunohistochemical Profiles for Accurate Diagnosis—A Case Report
    Hozaifa Hendi, Hasan Asjiee, Hamza Hendi, Batoul Obeid, Ahmad Alhaj, Harleen Khatra
    Case Reports in Oncological Medicine.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Mucinous Carcinoma of the Breast With Neuroendocrine Differentiation: A Case Report of Cyto-Histopathology Findings
    Anita B Sajjanar, Suhit Naseri, Pratibha Dawande, Sunita Vagha
    Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
The early diagnosis and treatments in multiple sclerosis
So Young Huh
Kosin Med J. 2017;32(2):151-163.   Published online January 19, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.2017.32.2.151
  • 4,624 View
  • 11 Download
Abstract PDFPubReader   ePub   

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system that leads to neurological disability. The diagnosis of MS relies on the MRI criteria, which can demonstrate dissemination in space and time. Exclusion of other demyelinating mimics is essential because there are no specific biomarker for MS and MRI criteria are still have imperfect. There is incremental improvements in MS treatment option that have contributed to the delay of disease progression. The early initiation of DMT may ameliorate the neurological disability. In this review, we discusses the new diagnostic MS criteria and summarize the evidences supporting the early treatment in the course of MS.

Case report
Paradoxical response as a cervical lymph node enlargement after termination of anti-tuberculosis treatment in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis
Hye-Rim Kang, Ho Young Lee, Mi-Yeong Kim, Young Min Lee, Soo Jin Jung, Hyun-Kyung Lee, Si Hyeong Lee, Yunmi Kim
Kosin Med J. 2016;31(1):71-78.   Published online February 4, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.2016.31.1.71
  • 4,282 View
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Abstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Abstract

A paradoxical response is not uncommon in non-HIV-infected patients, particularly those with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. It is defined as the radiological and clinical worsening of a previous lesion or the development of new lesion during anti-tuberculosis therapy. The paradoxical response has been attributed to host immunologic reactions, such as a delayed hypersensitivity or a response to mycobacterial antigens. In most reports of paradoxical response, these responses occurred in the same location as a previous lesion. In this patient with pulmonary tuberculosis, cervical lymph node enlargement occurred as a paradoxical response after the completion of anti-tuberculosis treatment. Although the new lesion developed in another location, it could be considered as a paradoxical response based on the negative culture result of acid fast bacilli from the new lesion and drug sensitivity result from initial bronchoalveolar lavage specimen. Therefore we were able to decide on the termination of unnecessary anti-tuberculous treatment. Based on our case, we can conclude that paradoxical response can occur after the termination of anti-tuberculosis therapy even in new site.

Review article
Recent Trends in Chronic Pelvic Pain Diagnosis
Ari Kim, Heung Yeol Kim
Kosin Med J. 2012;27(1):11-16.   Published online June 11, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.2012.27.1.11
  • 4,911 View
  • 6 Download
Abstract PDFPubReader   ePub   

Chronic pelvic pain is a common and significant disorder of women. It is estimated to have a prevalence of 3.8% in women. The etiology of chronic pelvic pain in women is poorly understood. Although a specific diagnosis is not found in the majority of cases, some common diagnoses include endometriosis, adhesions, irritable bowel syndrome, and interstitial cystitis. The initial history and physical examination can narrow the diagnostic possibilities, guide any subsequent evaluation, and rule out malignancy or significant systemic disease. If the initial evaluation does not reveal a specific diagnosis, a limited laboratory and ultrasound evaluation can clarify the diagnosis, as well as rule out serious disease and reassure the patient.

Laboratory and imaging studies should be selectively utilized, as should laparoscopy. Conscious laparoscopic pain mapping has been proposed as a way to improve information derived from laparoscopic evaluations.

Original articles
Differential Diagnosis of Fibroadenoma and Phyllodes Tumor - Additional Histopathologic Feature besides Common Diagnostic Criteria
Min Jung Jung
Kosin Med J. 2009;24(2):109-118.   Published online December 31, 2009
  • 849 View
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Expression of MAGE in Pleural Fluid for the Differential Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Pleural Effusion
Chul Ho Oak, Tae Won Jang, Seong Hoon Shin, Man Hong Jung
Kosin Med J. 2008;23(3):17-21.   Published online September 30, 2008
  • 963 View
  • 0 Download
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Case report
A Case of Poorly Differentiated Extraocularsebaceous Carcinoma Mimicking Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC), Metastatic Skin Cancer
Sang Tae Kim, Hyo Jin Roh, Kee Suck Suh
Kosin Med J. 2008;23(1):47-50.   Published online March 31, 2008
  • 907 View
  • 0 Download
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Original articles
Chronic Granulomatous Mastitis
Ryu Dong Won, Jun Chang Wan, Lee Chung Han
Kosin Med J. 2007;22(1):125-128.   Published online June 30, 2007
  • 785 View
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ANALYSIS OF REFERRAL CONTENTS IN OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT OF FAMILY MEDICINE
Eun Hee Kong, Hyeong Soo Cha
Kosin Med J. 1999;14(1-2):81-89.
  • 904 View
  • 0 Download
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Case reports
Malignant Lymphoma with Primary Manifestation in the Ovary - A case report -
In Sun Jun
The Journal of Kosin Medical College. 1985;1(1):73-78.
  • 1,005 View
  • 1 Download
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A Case of Omphalocele Associated with Meningomyelocele : Diagnosed in the Prenatal Care
Kee Muk Chung, Jae Hoon Chung
The Journal of Kosin Medical College. 1986;2(1):163-168.
  • 938 View
  • 0 Download
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Original article

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