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From articles published since 2022.

Review articles
Ethical issues in clinical research and publication
Hyoung Shin Lee
Kosin Med J. 2022;37(4):278-282.   Published online December 15, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.132
  • 2,752 View
  • 121 Download
  • 2 Citations
Abstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Clinical research including human participants should be based on truth, demonstrate scientific integrity, and follow ethical standards and guidelines to protect study participants. The publication of clinical research should be transparent and adhere to strict criteria for authorship. A thorough understanding and knowledge of ethical issues will limit investigator misconduct in clinical research and publication. In this article, basic ethical issues in clinical research and publication are reviewed and summarized based on recent guidelines.

Citations

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  • Clinical outcomes of prostate artery embolization for management of benign prostate hyperplasia (prostate larger than 100 mL) with or without hematuria
    Soodong Kim
    Kosin Medical Journal.2023; 38(4): 259.     CrossRef
  • Basic knowledge of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
    Jung Wook Lee
    Kosin Medical Journal.2023; 38(4): 241.     CrossRef
Considerations for experimental animal ethics in the research planning and evaluation process
Jaewon Shim, Jeongtae Kim
Kosin Med J. 2022;37(4):271-277.   Published online December 22, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.139
  • 2,693 View
  • 96 Download
  • 1 Citations
Abstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Research using experimental animals has substantially contributed to advances in science and medicine. Animal experiments are nearly essential for biomedical research and development efforts. Because many animals are sacrificed, researchers should consider the welfare of experimental animals and related ethical issues, along with the successful results of their experiments. This review introduces the criteria that should be considered in terms of experimental animal ethics, based on the principles of the 3 R’s: replacement, representing careful consideration of the need for animal experiments; reduction, representing the use of the minimal number of animals to obtain meaningful experimental results; and refinement, representing continuous effects to find alternative methods to reduce pain and distress in experimental animals. Based on these principles, the following points should be considered when planning experiments: the necessity of animal experiments; alternatives to animal experiments; the relevance of the species and numbers of experimental animals; appropriate assessment and management of pain; the proper usage of sedatives, painkillers, and anesthesia; and valid timing for humane endpoints and euthanasia. These criteria are beneficial for both experimental animals and researchers because careful handling to ensure experimental animal welfare guarantees that scientific research will yield convincing, repeatable, and accurate results.

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  • Functional Analysis of Membrane-Associated Scaffolding Tight Junction (TJ) Proteins in Tumorigenic Characteristics of B16-F10 Mouse Melanoma Cells
    Eun-Ji Ko, Do-Ye Kim, Min-Hye Kim, Hyojin An, Jeongtae Kim, Jee-Yeong Jeong, Kyoung Seob Song, Hee-Jae Cha
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(2): 833.     CrossRef
Do we need Moodle in medical education? A review of its impact and utility
Seri Jeong, Hyunyong Hwang
Kosin Med J. 2023;38(3):159-168.   Published online September 22, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.23.139
  • 2,112 View
  • 80 Download
  • 1 Citations
Abstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Various learning management systems (LMSs) are available to facilitate the development, management, and distribution of digital resources for both face-to-face and online instruction. In recent decades, these methods have shown potential for greater efficiency compared to traditional "chalk and talk" approaches. Additionally, they have paved the way for the establishment of ubiquitous learning environments, marking a new era in education. In a trend accelerated by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, LMSs have been increasingly adopted to overcome the restrictions inherent to in-person education. In medical education, LMSs such as Moodle, Canvas, Blackboard Learn, and others have been introduced and used to support teaching, learning, and assessment activities. Of these, Moodle stands out as the most popular choice for many medical schools and institutions, primarily due to its flexibility, functionality, and user-friendliness. The learning environment is gradually transforming from traditional in-person teaching to a hybrid educational approach, driven by the need to fulfill diverse educational demands. Numerous research studies have examined the usability of Moodle in medical education, demonstrating its effectiveness in addressing challenges related to adaptive personalized learning, collaborative learning, blended learning, and more. Consequently, Moodle has emerged as a valuable solution for medical educators seeking a versatile and robust platform to enhance their teaching methodologies. The present review focuses on the practical utilization of Moodle in medical education and the advantages it offers to this field.

Citations

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  • The effectiveness of Moodle's “Lesson” feature in pre-learning about arterial puncture and blood transfusion procedures
    Haeyoung Lee, Sang-Shin Lee, Hyunyong Hwang
    Kosin Medical Journal.2023; 38(4): 278.     CrossRef
Polycystic liver disease: an overview of clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment
Joonho Jeong, Hyun Joon Park
Kosin Med J. 2023;38(2):75-86.   Published online June 28, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.23.128
  • 1,933 View
  • 71 Download
  • 1 Citations
Abstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Polycystic liver disease (PLD) is a hereditary disease characterized by the presence of 20 or more liver cysts. It is classified into three types: isolated autosomal dominant PLD, PLD with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, and PLD with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. Genetic alterations, ciliary dysfunction of the biliary epithelial cells, and aberrant cell signaling pathways are the main factors contributing to the pathophysiology of PLD; however, other complicated mechanisms are also involved. The Gigot and Schnelldorfer classifications are widely used in clinical practice. Most patients with PLD are asymptomatic; however, a few patients with advanced-stage disease may develop symptoms and complications that impair their quality of life and require treatment. The known treatment options for PLD are somatostatin analogues, aspiration with sclerotherapy, fenestration, hepatic resection, and liver transplantation. Although liver transplantation remains the only curative treatment for PLD, medical therapies are gradually being developed with the increasing knowledge of the disease’s pathophysiology. This review focuses on the clinical manifestations and diagnosis of PLD, as well as treatment strategies, to support clinicians regarding the clinical management of the disease.

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  • Predicting Safe Liver Resection Volume for Major Hepatectomy Using Artificial Intelligence
    Chol Min Kang, Hyung June Ku, Hyung Hwan Moon, Seong-Eun Kim, Ji Hoon Jo, Young Il Choi, Dong Hoon Shin
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(2): 381.     CrossRef
How to write case reports in medicine
Sung Il Im
Kosin Med J. 2022;37(2):102-106.   Published online June 24, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.109
  • 2,011 View
  • 79 Download
  • 4 Citations
Abstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Medical research has become an important part of providing care to patients. Case reports published in medical journals can communicate information to the medical community about rare or unreported features, conditions, complications, or interventions. Case reports are generally short, focusing on key components such as a summary and introduction, case presentation, and discussion. Authors now have access to free, continuously updated case reports of different types from multiple journals. This review introduces the process and mechanisms for how and when to prepare a case report. We briefly review the editorial process of each of these complementary journals, along with author anecdotes, hoping to inspire authors to write and continue writing case reports; and discusses the essentials of a case report, aiming to provide guidelines for improving medical writing skills.

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  • A Case of Early Malignant Change from Neurofibroma to Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
    Poo Reum Kang, Yeong Joon Kim, Sun Ju Oh, Hyoung Shin Lee
    Korean Society for Head and Neck Oncology.2023; 39(2): 45.     CrossRef
  • Gastric Adenocarcinoma of Fundic-gland Type Diagnosed and Treated by Endoscopic Mucosal Resection
    Sung Eun Kim, Seun Ja Park, Moo In Park, Won Moon, Jae Hyun Kim, Kyoungwon Jung, Bang Ju Kim, Hee Kyung Chang
    Journal of Digestive Cancer Research.2023; 11(3): 165.     CrossRef
  • Perioperative cutaneous complications in an elderly patient due to inappropriate use of a forced-air warming device and underbody blanket: a case report
    Myounghun Kim, Soo Jee Lee, Beomseok Choi, Geunho Lee, Seunghee Ki
    Kosin Medical Journal.2023; 38(4): 288.     CrossRef
  • Selective adjuvant radiation therapy for distant lymph node metastasis in patients with stage 4B epithelial ovarian cancer: a case series
    Eun Taeg Kim, Seung Yeon Oh, Sun Young Ma, Tae Hwa Lee, Won Gyu Kim
    Kosin Medical Journal.2023; 38(4): 293.     CrossRef
Safety issues regarding melatonin use in child and adolescent patients with sleep problems
Eunsoo Moon, Jung Hyun Lee
Kosin Med J. 2022;37(4):264-270.   Published online December 23, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.142
  • 2,040 View
  • 90 Download
Abstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Several studies have reported that melatonin may be effective in treating sleep problems in children and adolescents. However, evidence regarding the safety of melatonin use in children and adolescents in their growth and developmental stages is warranted. Therefore, we aimed to summarize the literature on the safety of melatonin use in children and adolescents with insomnia and sleep disturbances. According to existing evidence, there are no serious adverse effects of long-term melatonin use in children and adolescents. The common adverse effects reported in long-term studies are fatigue, somnolence, and mood swings. In addition, there is no evidence that long-term use of melatonin inhibits the natural secretion of melatonin. It is necessary to monitor potential drug interactions with medications such as inhibitors and enhancers of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2). Furthermore, low CYP1A2 expression in young children requires proper dose adjustment. Although sufficient experience of melatonin use in children and adolescents has yet to be attained, accumulating evidence suggests that the use of melatonin in children and adolescents with sleep problems might be effective and tolerable. Considering the abuse or overdose risk of hypnotics or benzodiazepines, melatonin supplements may be a good therapeutic alternative. Future studies on the long-term safety of melatonin for physiological and mental function in children and adolescents are required to establish certainty about melatonin use in children and adolescents.
Original article
Effectiveness of prophylactic calcium and vitamin D supplementation for preventing post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia: a meta-analysis
Hyeyeon Moon, Ju Won Seok, Keunyoung Kim, Hye Young Kim, Mi Kyoung Park, In Joo Kim, Kyoungjune Pak, Sunghwan Suh
Kosin Med J. 2022;37(3):213-219.   Published online August 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.101
  • 1,904 View
  • 90 Download
  • 2 Citations
Abstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
Postsurgical hypocalcemia is the most common and troublesome consequence of thyroidectomy. We investigated the potential role of routine calcium or vitamin D supplementation in preventing postsurgical hypocalcemia.
Methods
We searched MEDLINE and Embase for English-language publications using the keywords “calcium,” “vitamin D,” and “thyroid cancer.” The primary outcome was any postoperative hypocalcemia, and the secondary outcome was symptomatic hypocalcemia.
Results
Four studies that included 381 patients were eligible for this meta-analysis. A random-effects model showed no significant difference in the occurrence of hypocalcemia between calcium/vitamin D treatment and placebo/no treatment. However, the occurrence of symptomatic hypocalcemia was lower in patients with calcium/vitamin D treatment. In the combined results, preoperative calcium and vitamin D supplementation were associated with a reduced incidence of symptomatic hypocalcemia.
Conclusions
Our findings support the use of preoperative calcium and vitamin D supplementation in conjunction with routine postsurgical supplementation for patients after total thyroidectomy.

Citations

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  • Preoperative Vitamin D and Calcium Administration in Patients Undergoing Thyroidectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
    Mohammed Alhakami, Ghassan Bin Lajdam, Abdullah A. Ghaddaf, Sarah Alayoubi, Shaden Alhelali, Mohammad Alshareef, Jabir Alharbi
    OTO Open.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Is there enough evidence to recommend preoperative calcium and vitamin D in patients who undergo total thyroidectomy?
    Hyoung Shin Lee
    Kosin Medical Journal.2022; 37(3): 173.     CrossRef
Review article
Role of biomarkers in the heart failure clinic
Bong-Joon Kim, Jae-Hyeong Park
Kosin Med J. 2022;37(1):4-17.   Published online March 29, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.019
  • 2,813 View
  • 69 Download
Abstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Heart failure (HF) is a common cardiovascular disease that has a complex pathophysiology. Because it is the final stage of many cardiovascular diseases, proper diagnosis and treatment are crucial for prolonging patients’ survival and improving their well-being. Several biomarkers have been identified in HF, and their roles in diagnosis and prognostication have been widely investigated. Among them, natriuretic peptides are key for diagnosing HF, predicting its prognosis, and monitoring the effectiveness of HF treatment. Moreover, natriuretic peptides can also be used to treat HF. In addition to natriuretic peptides, several other biomarkers were included in the most recent HF management guidelines. Thus, we reviewed the role of the biomarkers included in these guidelines and discussed future perspectives.
Original article
Dietary education may reduce blood cadmium and mercury levels in chronic kidney disease patients with higher blood cadmium and mercury levels
Su Mi Lee, Young-Seoub Hong, Byoung-Gwon Kim, Jung-Yeon Kwon, Yongsoon Park, Seong Eun Kim, Won Suk An
Kosin Med J. 2023;38(2):107-116.   Published online May 24, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.23.101
  • 1,584 View
  • 35 Download
  • 1 Citations
Abstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Exposure to cadmium and mercury is associated with renal dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the possible ability of dietary education to decrease blood cadmium and mercury levels in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Methods
Twenty-seven patients with CKD were enrolled in this prospective, single-arm pilot study. Patients with blood cadmium levels ≥1.4 μg/L were instructed to reduce their intake of shellfish, while those with blood mercury levels ≥5.0 μg/L were asked to reduce their intake of externally blue-colored fish.
Results
Seven dialysis patients and 15 pre-dialysis patients completed the study. Compared with baseline, the blood cadmium (2.0±0.7 μg/L vs. 1.8±0.7 μg/L, p=0.031) and mercury levels (4.4±2.6 μg/L vs. 3.5±1.9 μg/L, p=0.005) after 1 year significantly decreased, although the dietary intake was not significantly different in patients with blood cadmium levels ≥1.4 μg/L and blood mercury levels ≥5.0 μg/L. In pre-dialysis patients, kidney function worsened after 1 year compared with that at baseline despite the reduction in blood cadmium and mercury levels.
Conclusions
Reduction of food intake containing cadmium and mercury may lower the blood cadmium and mercury levels in CKD patients with higher cadmium and mercury levels. Higher blood cadmium levels may cause renal disease progression in pre-dialysis patients, and further studies are necessary to determine the underlying mechanisms.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Impact of dietary education on blood cadmium and mercury levels in chronic kidney disease: a path to renal health improvement
    Ho Sik Shin
    Kosin Medical Journal.2023; 38(2): 73.     CrossRef
Review article
How to write an original article in medicine and medical science
Gwansuk Kang, Sung Eun Kim
Kosin Med J. 2022;37(2):96-101.   Published online June 24, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.105
  • 2,260 View
  • 69 Download
  • 6 Citations
Abstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Excellent research in the fields of medicine and medical science can advance the field and contribute to human health improvement. In this aspect, research is important. However, if researchers do not publish their research, their efforts cannot benefit anyone. To make a difference, researchers must disseminate their results and communicate their opinions. One way to do this is by publishing their research. Therefore, academic writing is an essential skill for researchers. However, preparing a manuscript is not an easy task, and it is difficult to write well. Following a structure may be helpful for researchers. For example, the standard structure of medical and medical science articles includes the following sections: introduction, methods, results, and discussion (IMRAD). The purpose of this review is to present an introduction for researchers, especially novices, on how to write an original article in the field of medicine and medical science. Therefore, we discuss how to prepare and write a research manuscript for publication, using the IMRAD structure. We also included specific tips for writing manuscripts in medicine and medical science.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Predicting Safe Liver Resection Volume for Major Hepatectomy Using Artificial Intelligence
    Chol Min Kang, Hyung June Ku, Hyung Hwan Moon, Seong-Eun Kim, Ji Hoon Jo, Young Il Choi, Dong Hoon Shin
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(2): 381.     CrossRef
  • Troponin I and D-dimer levels as triaging biomarkers to distinguish acute pulmonary thromboembolism from myocardial infarction
    Soo-Jin Kim, Moo Hyun Kim, Kwang Min Lee, Jin Woo Lee, Young Shin Cha, Da Eun Koh, Joo Yeong Hwang, Jong Sung Park
    Kosin Medical Journal.2023; 38(4): 252.     CrossRef
  • Prevention of myopia progression using orthokeratology
    Stephanie Suzanne S. Garcia, Changzoo Kim
    Kosin Medical Journal.2023; 38(4): 231.     CrossRef
  • Basic knowledge of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
    Jung Wook Lee
    Kosin Medical Journal.2023; 38(4): 241.     CrossRef
  • How does quiz activity affect summative assessment outcomes? An analysis of three consecutive years’ data on self-directed learning
    Chi Eun Oh, Hyunyong Hwang
    Kosin Medical Journal.2022; 37(3): 228.     CrossRef
  • The effects of rebamipide, sucralfate, and rifaximin against inflammation and apoptosis in radiation-induced murine intestinal injury
    Won Moon, Sangwook Lim, Yeonsoon Jung, Yuk Moon Heo, Seun Ja Park, Moo In Park, Sung Eun Kim, Jae Hyun Kim, Kyoungwon Jung
    Kosin Medical Journal.2022; 37(4): 320.     CrossRef
Original article
Evaluation of automated calibration and quality control processes using the Aptio total laboratory automation system
Namhee Kim, Yein Kim, Jeongeun Park, Jungsoo Choi, Hyunyong Hwang
Kosin Med J. 2022;37(4):342-353.   Published online December 22, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.144
  • 1,416 View
  • 44 Download
Abstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
The objective of this study was to determine whether manually performed calibration and quality control (QC) processes could be replaced with an automated laboratory system when installed analyzers fail to provide automated calibration and QC functions.
Methods
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TC), creatinine (Cr), direct bilirubin (DB), and lipase (Lip) items were used as analytes. We prepared pooled serum samples at 10 levels for each test item and divided them into two groups; five for the analytical measurement range (AMR) group and five for the medical decision point (MDP) group. Calibration and QC processes were performed for five consecutive days, and ALT, TC, Cr, DB, and Lip levels were measured in the two groups using automated and manual methods. Precision and the mean difference between the calibration and QC methods were evaluated using the reported values of the test items in each group.
Results
Repeatability and within-laboratory coefficients of variation (CVs) between the automated system and the conventional manual system in the AMR group were similar. However, the mean reported values for test items were significantly different between the two systems. In the MDP group, repeatability and within-laboratory CVs were better with the automation system. All calibration and QC processes were successfully implemented with the Aptio total laboratory automation system.
Conclusion
The Aptio total laboratory automation system could be applied to routine practice to improve precision and efficiency.
Editorial
The old biomarkers you know are still useful: D-dimer and troponin I
Sanghyun Lee
Kosin Med J. 2023;38(4):229-230.   Published online December 20, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.23.155
  • 402 View
  • 15 Download
PDFPubReader   ePub   
Review article
Prevention of myopia progression using orthokeratology
Stephanie Suzanne S. Garcia, Changzoo Kim
Kosin Med J. 2023;38(4):231-240.   Published online December 26, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.23.141
  • 386 View
  • 12 Download
Abstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
The prevalence of myopia in children and juveniles has increased significantly in Korea and worldwide; in particular, the rates of myopia and high myopia in East Asia have grown rapidly. Myopia is easily corrected with spectacles or contact lenses. However, as children grow and mature, myopia can progress irreversibly and lead to vision-threatening complications. Thus, the prevention of myopia progression is an essential treatment goal. Many treatment strategies are being employed, including atropine eyedrops, specialized glasses, and orthokeratology (Ortho-K) lenses. Ortho-K is an effective treatment in managing myopia progression by lowering the rate of increase in refractive error and axial length. In this article, we review Ortho-K as a treatment for myopia progression, its history, mechanism, treatment regimen, and safety profile.
Original articles
The effectiveness of Moodle's “Lesson” feature in pre-learning about arterial puncture and blood transfusion procedures
Haeyoung Lee, Sang-Shin Lee, Hyunyong Hwang
Kosin Med J. 2023;38(4):278-287.   Published online December 29, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.23.150
  • 362 View
  • 19 Download
Abstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
This study evaluated the effectiveness of Moodle’s “Lesson” feature as a pre-learning tool for clinical skills among medical students.
Methods
The performance of 69 fourth-year medical students during practical sessions on arterial puncture and blood transfusion was assessed. These students engaged in pre-learning activities via Moodle's “Lesson” feature. We analyzed the survey results to gauge students’ satisfaction and perceived usefulness of the pre-learning approach. Additionally, we compared the performance of the 2023 cohort, which took part in the pre-learning process, with students from 2020 to 2022 who did not have this preparatory component.
Results
Among the students surveyed, data from 59 respondents were analyzed. Satisfaction with the pre-learning segment was high, with a mean satisfaction score of 4.69 (standard deviation [SD]=0.62) and Cronbach’s alpha of 0.918. The tool's perceived usefulness was also rated highly, with a mean score of 4.77 (SD=0.53) and Cronbach’s alpha of 0.956. Students who used the pre-learning tool had a mean score of 84.20 (SD=14.74), whereas those who did not use the tool scored slightly lower, with a mean of 80.40 (SD=13.07); however, this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.196). Nonetheless, the 2023 cohort scores were generally higher across the various percentile measures than those of the 2020–2022 groups.
Conclusions
The pre-learning tool using the “Lesson” feature on Moodle proved useful and satisfactory for students learning clinical procedures. Further research with larger cohorts is required to validate these findings.
Troponin I and D-dimer levels as triaging biomarkers to distinguish acute pulmonary thromboembolism from myocardial infarction
Soo-Jin Kim, Moo Hyun Kim, Kwang Min Lee, Jin Woo Lee, Young Shin Cha, Da Eun Koh, Joo Yeong Hwang, Jong Sung Park
Kosin Med J. 2023;38(4):252-258.   Published online December 20, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.23.133
  • 379 View
  • 12 Download
  • 1 Citations
Abstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
Acute pulmonary thromboembolism (APTE) is often confused with myocardial infarction. Previous studies have shown that patients with APTE exhibit lower initial and peak cardiac troponin I (CTI) levels, but higher D-dimer (DD) levels, than patients with myocardial infarction. The present study aimed to reaffirm the tree model algorithm using an entirely new set of data.
Methods
We reviewed retrospective clinical and laboratory data from patients who were diagnosed with APTE or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) between 2015 and 2016. Subjects who were not classified with a diagnosis or did not have their CTI or DD levels assessed were excluded. We categorized patients according to the previous algorithm and compared the outcomes with the previous test dataset.
Results
The analysis involved data from 156 patients with APTE and 363 patients with NSTEMI. In the validation data set, the APTE group showed higher initial DD levels (9.80±10.84 μg/mL) and lower initial CTI levels (0.17±0.54 μg/mL) than the NSTEMI group. The accuracy rate for the test dataset and the validation set were similar. The test set accuracy rate was 91.0%, while the accuracy rate in the validation set improved to 88.6%.
Conclusions
Patients with APTE exhibited lower initial and peak CTI levels, but higher DD levels than NSTEMI patients. The accuracy rate estimates were similar between the test set obtained from the tree model algorithm and the validation set. The study findings demonstrate that the assessment of cardiac biomarkers can be useful for differentiating between APTE and NSTEMI.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The old biomarkers you know are still useful: D-dimer and troponin I
    Sanghyun Lee
    Kosin Medical Journal.2023; 38(4): 229.     CrossRef

KMJ : Kosin Medical Journal